LEARNING THEORY
LEARNING THEORY
1. Learning Theory Behaviorism: (result)
This theory emphasizes the result of learning.
Behavioristic theory with a model of stimulus-response relationship, determine people learning as a passive individual. Certain responses or behaviors using training methods or habituation. The behavior will be stronger when given the strengthening and will disappear when subjected to punishment.
2. Learning Theory Cognitivism: (processed)
The cognitive model has a perspective that learners process information and learning through its work of organizing, storing, and then find the relationship between the new knowledge with existing knowledge. This model emphasizes on how information is processed.
Researchers who developed this cognitive theory is Ausubel, Bruner, and Gagne.
The third of these researchers, each has a different emphasis. Ausubel emphasizes on the management (organizer), which has a major influence on learning.
Bruner work on grouping or providing concept form as an answer to how students acquire information from the environment.
3. Humanistic Learning Theory: (humanize humans)
the purpose of learning is to humanize humans. Study abroad process is considered successful if a student has to understand the environment and themselves. In the learning process students should strive to gradually he was able to achieve the best possible self-actualization. This theory try to understand the learned behavior from the perspective of the perpetrator, It is not from the observer’s perspective. The teacher's role in this theory is as a facilitator for the students while teachers provide motivation, students' awareness of the meaning of life. Teachers facilitate the learning experience to students and assist students to acquire learning objectives. Students act as the main actors who interpret the process of their own learning experiences.
4. Constructivism: (contextual learning)
Constructivism is contextual learning that human knowledge is built trough step by step, the result is expanded through a limited context and not suddenly.
Knowledge is not a set of facts, concepts, or rules that are ready to taken and remembered. Man must construct knowledge and give meaning through real experience.
With the theory of constructivism students think to solve the problem, find ideas and make decisions. Students will be more understand because they are involved in new knowledge, they will be understand and apply in all situations. In addition the students involved actively, they will remember more all the old concepts.
